Syrah grape skin valorisation using ultrasound-assisted extraction: Phenolic compounds recovery,antioxidant capacity and phenolic profile

The influence of ultrasound power (1000–3000 W/L), citric acid concentration (0–3%) and solid:liquid ratio (1:5–1:15) on the phenolic compounds recovery and antioxidant capacity of Syrah grape skin extracts were evaluated. Total phenolic compounds varied from 6485 to 11732 mg gallic acid/100 g and monomeric anthocyanin content from 453 to 685 mg malvidin-3-glucoside/100 g. The antioxidant capacity measured by ORAC and ABTS methods ranged from 230 to 516 μmol Trolox/g and from 442 to 939 μmol Trolox/g, respectively. The most suitable conditions chosen for extraction, within the studied ranges, were 3000 W/L of power, 2.5% citric acid and solid:liquid ratio of 1:15. The extraction yield was satisfactory, with a recovery of 59% of the quantified phenolic compounds, with only 3 min of processing. Ultrasound was considered a suitable method as compared to the conventional extraction, improving the extraction of phenolic acids and facilitating their release.     

The influence of sonication time on the biogenic amines formation as a critical point in uncured dry-fermented beef manufacturing

In this study, the influence of sonication time on the biogenic amines formation as a critical point in uncured dry-fermented beef manufacturing was studied. Samples of musculus semimembranosus were sonicated at different times (5 and 10 min) using ultrasound cold bath (4 °C) in acid whey (US 40 kHz and acoustic power 480 W). The effect of sonication on biogenic amine (BA) formation was investigated during 93 days of ripening period. Other parameters (pH value, water activity, microbial counts) that might provide further information on the product under study were also determined. The use of ultrasound during beef marinating in acid whey has a positive effect on retarding histamine (HIS), cadaverine (CAD), tyramine (TYR) and putrescine (PUT) formation. Moreover, the sonication treatment did not inhibit the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dry-fermented beef during the whole ripening period. The pathogen bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sp., Listeria monocytogenes) were not detected in all samples neither after 31 nor after 93 days of ripening period.     

脑血流动力学及脑氧饱和度变化与感染性休克患者预后的相关性:前瞻性队列研究

目的探讨大脑中动脉血流动力学相关指标及脑氧饱和度变化与感染性休克患者预后的相关性。方法前瞻性收集2018年5月至2019年3月在中南大学湘雅医院重症医学科住院治疗的感染性休克患者临床资料,根据28 d内是否死亡,将患者分为死亡组和存活组。比较两组患者一般资料,入重症监护室即刻和初始复苏治疗6 h后动脉和中心静脉血气指标,重症心脏超声指标,器官功能指标,Sepsis生物标志物指标,液体复苏治疗6 h后大脑中动脉血流速度、灌注指数、动态脑血管自动调节功能[瞬时脑充血反应率(transient hyperemic response ratio,THRR)]以及脑氧饱和度变化。采用多因素Logistic回归,分析影响感染性休克患者预后的危险因素。结果 51例符合纳入和排除标准的感染休克患者入选本研究,男性31例,女性20例,年龄(53±13)岁,28 d死亡率为43%。死亡组的序贯性器官衰竭评分(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)(P=0. 007)、入室急性生理和慢性健康状况评估(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分(P=0. 026)以及高峰APACHEⅡ评分(P<0. 001)均高于存活组。初始复苏治疗6 h后,死亡组的氧合指数低于存活组(P=0. 047),而中心静脉-动脉二氧化碳分压差(central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference,Pcva CO_2)则高于存活组(P=0. 044)。死亡组动态脑血管自动调节功能受损者(THRR<1. 09)多于存活组(P=0. 025),脑氧饱和度(regional cerebral oxygen saturation,rSO_2)均值低于存活组(P=0. 031)且rSO_2均值<60%者多于存活组(P=0. 010)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高峰APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1. 099,95%CI:1. 009～1. 196,P=0. 030)、液体复苏治疗6 h后的Pcv-aCO_2(OR=1. 320,95%CI:1. 001～1. 742,P=0. 050)、THRR<1. 09 (OR=4. 952,95%CI:1. 130～21. 70,P=0. 034)和rSO_2均值<60%(OR=4. 817,95%CI:1. 392～16. 663,P=0. 013)是预测感染性休克患者28 d内死亡的独立危险因素。结论感染性休克患者死亡率高,脑血流动力学和rSO_2指标中动态脑血管自动调节功能障碍(THRR<1. 09)与rSO_2均值<60%是28 d死亡率增加的独立预测因素。     

A collaborative contour detector by gradient and active contours for ultrasound kidney images

In the process of urinary system disease diagnosis, a complete kidney contour is crucial to estimate its size, area, volume and other properties. These properties can effectively help doctors diagnosis and prepare treatment plans. However, ultrasound images suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio, speckle, missing boundaries and other artefacts. Traditional contour detection algorithms can hardly extract a continuous and accurate kidney contour. To solve the problem, we propose a collaborative contour detector by gradient and active contour. It not only can make sure that the extracted contour is continuous and accurate but also is simple and suitable to use in practice. Both the simulated experiments and clinical experiments show that the proposed algorithm achieves a good performance in ultrasound kidney images and can effectively assist doctors in diagnosis.     

术前2h饮用碳水化合物对老年胃肠道手术患者胃容量及反流误吸风险的影响:前瞻性随机对照研究

目的应用床旁超声技术观察术前2 h饮用碳水化合物对老年胃肠道手术患者麻醉前胃容量的影响,并评估患者发生反流误吸的风险。方法前瞻性选取2017年12月至2018年10月,在四川省人民医院行胃肠道手术的老年患者(>65岁),随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组常规禁食8 h,术前2 h口服200 ml碳水化合物;对照组要求术前禁食8 h,禁饮4 h。麻醉前采用床旁超声技术测量45°半坐位及右侧卧位胃窦部头尾径及前后径,分别计算两种体位下的胃窦部横截面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)、胃容量(gastric volume,GV)及胃容量与体重比(GV/weight,GV/W)。采用GV超声半定量3分评估法及GV/W分级法评估患者发生反流误吸的风险。结果共纳入69例符合入选和排除标准的患者,其中试验组33例,对照组36例。两组基线资料、手术类别及美国麻醉医师学会分级无统计学差异(P均>0. 05)。半坐位下,试验组和对照组的GV/W分别为(0. 57±0. 23) ml/kg和(0. 44±0. 21) ml/kg;右侧卧位下,试验组和对照组的CSA分别为(578. 8±71. 5) mm2和(513. 3±53. 2) mm2,GV分别为(21. 2±11. 1) ml和(12. 9±6. 8) ml,GV/W分别为(0. 36±0. 17) ml/kg和(0. 20±0. 11) ml/kg,上述指标两组间均存在统计学差异(P均<0. 05)。GV超声半定量评分:试验组0分17例(51. 5%,17/33),1分15例(45. 5%,15/33),2分1例(3. 0%,1/33),对照组0分25例(69. 4%,25/36),1分11例(30. 6%,11/36),2分0例(0,0/33),两组评分构成比无统计学差异(P>0. 05)。反流误吸风险评估:试验组极低风险者占比81. 8%(27/33)、低风险18. 2%(6/33)、高风险0 (0/33),对照组极低风险者占比94. 4%(34/36)、低风险5. 6%(2/36)、高风险0 (0/33),两组间构成比亦无统计学差异(P>0. 05)。结论老年胃肠道手术患者术前2 h饮用200 ml碳水化合物虽可以增加麻醉前胃容量,但并不增加反流误吸的风险。     

Extract of Salicornia europaea in fresh pasta to enhance phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity

Extract from Salicornia europaea was added to durum wheat fresh pasta. Sensory properties, cooking quality, microbiological stability, content in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, before and after pasta digestion were studied. The extract was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. From the technological point of view the extract did not affect pasta dough and the cooking parameters and sensory properties of the enriched samples were found similar to the control pasta. No antimicrobial effect was exerted by the extract. From the chemical point of view interesting findings were recorded for pasta before and after digestion. Specifically, data of bioaccessible fraction of digested sample showed a significantly higher amount of total phenols and flavonoid content (11.52 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ and 0.55 mg quercetin g⁻¹ respectively) than digested control pasta (9.54 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ and 0.23 mg quercetin g⁻¹ respectively). The antioxidant activity of enriched sample also increased compared to the control pasta (6.20 vs. 2.50 μmoles FeSO₄ g⁻¹).     

Nanoemulsions containing octyl methoxycinnamate and solid particles of TiO2: preparation,characterization and in vitro evaluation of the solar protection factor

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the physical–chemical properties of oil-in-water nanoemulsions for application as nanocosmetics for sun protection. Oil-in-water dispersions were processed by ultrasound (US) to obtain small emulsion droplets. These emulsions were obtained in the presence of commercial nonionic surfactants based on polyoxides and avocado oil as the oil phase. The US generated small but unstable droplets. This problem was solved by using a different surfactant, with a longer ethylene oxide chain, able to promote stabilization by steric mechanisms. The light scattering technique was used to characterize the nanoemulsions by their dispersed droplets’ size, size distribution and variation of distribution with time (stability). Chemical and physical sunscreens – octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), respectively – were added to the stable system. The anti-UVB activity of the nanoemulsions and their components were evaluated by the method of Mansur et al. (1986) and spectral transmittance. The solar protection factor (SPF) was proportional to the OMC and TiO₂ concentrations. The in vitro OMC release was evaluated, and the presence of TiO₂ in the nanoemulsion did not affect the release profile, which showed the diffusion-dependent kinetics of the active ingredient in the formulation.     

直肠腔内超声在直肠癌术前环周切缘评估中的作用

目的　评估直肠腔内超声（endorectal ultrasound，ERUS）诊断直肠癌环周切缘（circumferential resection margin，CRM）的可行性和准确性。方法　回顾性分析2010年5月至2013年12月在北京协和医院行术前ERUS评估的直肠癌患者120例。纳入患者仅采用直肠全系膜切除术切除肿瘤，未采用术前新辅助放化疗治疗。患者行术前ERUS检查时测量CRM，即肿瘤的最外缘与直肠系膜筋膜的最短距离。以病理结果为金标准，比较不同CRM诊断标准下ERUS的诊断价值。分析ERUS对不同位置、距肛缘距离、分期的CRM诊断准确性差异。结果　ERUS可以显示直肠系膜筋膜114例，显示率为95%。采用不同探头频率，直肠系膜筋膜显示的差异存在统计学意义（P=0.034）。以CRM≤2 mm为标准时，ERUS诊断CRM的敏感性、准确性、阴性预测值最高，分别为100%、98.2%、100%。ERUS对不同位置、距肛缘距离、病理分期病灶的诊断准确性差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05)。结论　ERUS可以准确诊断直肠癌环周切缘，同时具有较高的阴性预测值，可为判断预后及制定临床治疗方案提供可靠依据。